Kiwifruit (scientific name: Actinidia chinensis Planch), also known as kiwifruit (kiwifruit is an artificially selected variety of kiwifruit, which is widely used and became a synonym for kiwifruit). China is the origin of kiwifruit and was introduced to New Zealand in the early 20th century. On November 6, 2008, at the International Kiwi Conference held in New Zealand, more than 200 experts from 19 countries in the world unanimously recognized that China is the origin of kiwifruit, and the origin of world kiwifruit is Wuduhe Town, Yiling District, Yichang City, Hubei Province.
The shape of the fruit is generally oval, the early appearance is yellowish-brown, and the reddish-brown after maturity, the skin is covered with dense hairs, the flesh is edible, and the flesh is bright green and a row of black or red seeds. Because kiwis like to eat, it is named kiwi fruit. It is also said that it is named because the skin is covered with hair and looks like a kiwi. It is a kind of fruit with tender quality, rich nutrition and delicious flavor.
Kiwi has a soft texture, sweet and sour taste. The taste is described as a mixture of strawberry, banana and pineapple. In addition to organic matter such as actinidin, proteolytic enzymes, tannin, pectin, and sugars, as well as trace elements such as calcium, potassium, selenium, zinc, germanium, and 17 amino acids required by the human body, kiwi fruit is also rich in vitamin C and grapes. Acid, fructose, citric acid, malic acid, fat.
Growth environment 1. Temperature
Temperature is the main factor that restricts the distribution and growth of kiwifruit. Each species has a suitable temperature range. If it exceeds this range, it will grow poorly or cannot survive. Most species of kiwi require a warm and humid climate, that is, subtropical or temperate humid and semi-humid climate. They are mainly distributed in large areas of 18-34 degrees north latitude. The annual average temperature is about 11.3-16.9°C, the extreme maximum temperature is 42.6°C, and the extreme minimum temperature. About 1-20.3℃, the effective accumulated temperature above 10℃ is 4500-5200℃, and the frost-free period is 160-270 days.
The temperature requirements of kiwifruit populations are not very consistent. For example, Chinese kiwifruit grows well at an average annual temperature of 4-20℃, while kiwifruit is the most widely distributed in the range of 13-18℃. The growth and development stage of kiwifruit is also affected by temperature. Studies have shown that when the temperature rises to about 10°C, the young buds of kiwifruit begin to germinate, and can only bloom when the temperature is above 15°C, and can bear fruit only when the temperature is above 20°C, and when the temperature drops to about 12°C At this time, it enters the dormant period of fallen leaves, and the entire development process takes about 210-240 days, during which the daily temperature cannot be lower than 10-12 ℃.
2. Moisture
Kiwifruit is a fruit tree that needs water and is afraid of flooding. It is a fruit tree with weak physiological drought tolerance and low humidity tolerance. Therefore, the requirements for soil moisture and air humidity are relatively strict, which determines that kiwifruit is most suitable for abundant rainfall and uniform distribution, high air humidity, Cultivated in moist but not waterlogged areas. The annual rainfall in the natural distribution area of kiwifruit in China is 800 mm-2200 mm, and the relative humidity of the air is 74.3%-85%. Generally speaking, areas where the annual precipitation is between 1,000 mm and 2,000 mm and the relative humidity of the air is around 80% can meet the water requirements for the growth and development of kiwifruit. If the annual average precipitation is 500 mm, it is necessary to consider setting up irrigation facilities to prepare for irrigation during drought. In high mountain areas, there is more fog, the soil on both sides of the stream is moist, and the humidity is high throughout the year, which is ideal for the growth of kiwifruit. In the central and eastern regions, there is sufficient rain from April to June, and the shoots grow in large quantities, which are suitable for the growth requirements of kiwifruit.
The drought resistance of kiwifruit is worse than that of ordinary fruit trees. Kiwifruit has large and dense leaves, large transpiration, and greater water demand. According to calculations, an adult kiwifruit tree with a crown area of 25 square meters has a daily transpiration loss of more than 75 liters. Generally, when the soil water content is reduced to 5%-6%, the water is insufficient, causing the growth of the kiwi branches to be blocked, and the leaves of the kiwi fruit begin to suffer drought, the leaves droop and become smaller, and the leaf edges wither. In drought, the leaves begin to wither. At this time, you must irrigate or spray water in time. Especially in the seedling stage, the root system has not fully expanded, and sufficient water needs to be added. In addition to not being drought-resistant, kiwifruit is also afraid of waterlogging. In the case of poor drainage or waterlogging for 2-3 days, about 40% of the plant will die. In the rainy season in southern China or in the rainy season in the north, if continuous rains cause poor drainage, the roots will be flooded, which will affect root respiration. The root tissue will rot over time and the plants will die. Therefore, deep trench and high border planting should be carried out when planting, and a complete drainage and irrigation system should be built in the orchard. [3]
3. Light
Most kiwifruit species like semi-shady environment, they like sunlight but are more sensitive to strong light. They belong to medium light-loving fruit tree species, requiring sunshine time of 1300-2600 hours, like diffuse light, avoid strong light. The resultant plant requires a certain amount of light, and the natural light intensity is preferably 42%-45%.
4. Soil
The soil is deep, fertile, good air permeability, groundwater level below 1 meter, high organic matter content, and slightly acidic sandy soil with a pH of 5.5-6.5. Strong acid or alkaline soils need to be improved before cultivation.
In addition to soil quality and pH, the mineral nutrients in the soil also have an important impact on the growth and development of kiwifruit. Since kiwifruit needs a lot of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and rich elements such as magnesium, manganese, zinc, iron, etc., if the soil lacks these mineral elements, the leaves often show nutritional deficiencies. Therefore, in order to ensure the normal growth and development of kiwifruit, improvement work should be carried out on unsatisfactory soil before planting in the garden, soil testing and formula fertilization, burying a large amount of green manure and a certain amount of lime.
Kiwi seed planting method1. Take out appropriate amount of kiwi fruit seeds from kiwi fruit seeds.
2. Put it in a small cup filled with warm water, put it in a sunny place for a week, and change the water every day until the seeds appear delicate and small buds.
3. Spread a soaked paper towel on the shallow-mouthed small dish, pour the small seeds on the paper towel, and cover a plastic container with small holes on it to ensure air circulation.
4. After waiting for two days, the little buds in the greenhouse have grown up a bit, and they can now prepare for transplanting into pots.
5. Move the germinated seeds into the flower pots and cover them with a thin layer of soil. Note that the direction of buds is upward, and spray wet with water.
6. Under careful care, the pot will soon become a green potted plant, and kiwis may grow.
Note:
1.Please allow 1-3mm error due to manual measurement. pls make sure you do not mind before you bid.
2.Due to the difference between different monitors, the picture may not reflect the actual color of the item.