Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. ramosa Hort. [1]) is a common name for leaf lettuce, also known as gooseberry, lamosa, lettuce, and belongs to the genus Compositae. It is an annual or biennial herbaceous crop. The leaves are obovate and densely packed into cabbage-like leaf balls. They can be eaten raw, crisp and refreshing, and slightly sweet.
Growth habitLettuce likes a cold environment. It is neither cold-tolerant nor heat-resistant. The suitable growth temperature is 15°C-20°C, and the growth period is 90-100 days. The seeds are more resistant to low temperatures and can germinate at 4°C. The suitable temperature for germination is 18-22℃, and there is almost no germination when it is higher than 30℃.
During the growth of the plant, it likes cold climates. It is most suitable for growth at 15-20℃, with high yield and good quality; if it is continuously higher than 25℃, the growth is poor, the leaves are coarse and old, and slightly bitter. However, it is also very resistant to cold, and even short-term sub-zero temperatures at 0°C will not affect growth.
Lettuce has a well-developed root system, waxy leaf surface, and strong drought tolerance. However, it is cultivated on a fertile and moist soil with high yield and good quality.
The suitable soil pH is 5.8-6.6.
Lettuce seed planting method1. Seedbed preparation. Loosen the seedbed and level the soil and apply agricultural fertilizers to ensure that the seedbed soil is finely broken, flat and nutritious.
2. Seed soaking to promote germination. Put the lettuce seeds into a wet gauze belt and soak the seeds in clean water. The soaking time is about 3 to 4 hours, and the water temperature is generally 20 ℃. After soaking the seeds, gently rub and rinse, drain the water, and bag the germination.
3. Sowing seedlings. Before sowing, the seedbed should be watered and irrigated, and proper dimethoate solution should be sprayed, which can effectively prevent the occurrence of pests. Then sowing according to the sowing standard, that is, 1 gram of lettuce seeds per square meter of seedbed. Then cover with fine soil to create a good growth environment for lettuce seeds. When the seedlings emerge from the soil, these mulches must be removed in time, the temperature must be strictly controlled (15-20°C) after emergence, and water supplementation is also essential.
4. Colonization management. When the seedling age is about one month, the lettuce seedlings can be planted. When planting, it is necessary to stabilize the seedlings and water them in the ditch to provide the necessary water.
5. Field management. Field management is the daily work of watering, top dressing and weeding, generally watering once every 5-7 days. It should be noted that top dressing is suitable for compound fertilizers such as nitrogen and phosphorus, and top dressing is not necessary in the early stage.
6. Prevention and control of pests and diseases. The main pests and diseases of lettuce are powdery mildew of lettuce, downy mildew of lettuce, and whitefly, etc. Therefore, the actual disease situation needs to be treated during the control process. For example, powdery mildew of lettuce can be sprayed with 50% benomyl WP 1000 times liquid, 40% Fuxing EC 7000 times liquid for prevention and treatment.
Note:
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